Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini, Dictator

Reference List

Biography https://www.biography.com/dictator/benito-mussoliniOriginal: April29, 2014

Clark, Martin London. (2005). Mussolini. Retrieved from https://ebookcentral-proquest-            com.ezproxy.library.uvic.ca

Lindemann, A.(2013) A History of Modern Europe, From 1815 to the Present. Textbook.

Iodice, Emilio F. (2018) “Lessons from History: The Startling Rise to Power of Benito Mussolini,” The Journal of     Values-Based Leadership: Vol. 11 : Iss. 2 , Article 3. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.22543/0733.62.1241

Bonsaver, G. (2007). Censorship and literature in fascist italy. Retrieved from https://ebookcentral-proquest-       com.ezproxy.library.uvic.ca

Moorehead, Caroline (2019) “A House in the Mountains, The Women Who Liberated Italy from Fascism”

Imperial War Museums, Telegram June 22, 1942, https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/1030013286)

https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/hitler-to-mussolini-fight-harder 1941

Timelines of History, https://www.timelines.ws/countries/ITALY_B.HTML

Speech (Translated by NYT)

https://youtu.be/Hpn9iPLbNDc  Mussolini speech on March 26, 1939 with English subtitles

Gallery

By Vincenzo Carrese – www.paulfrecker.com/pictureDetails, Public Domain,             https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=12790041

http://www.artefascista.it/100__scelte__fascismo__archi.htm  Accessed April 4, 2020. 100 (and  more) images of    Italian Fascist Architecture and Art. Art like war was to be bolder,stronger and more beautiful, than real       life. For example, the shapes have strength and ‘cream of the crop’ humans.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapienza_University_of_Rome – Architect: fascists

Cornelio Galas, http://www.televignole.it/la-donna-e-il-fascismo-1/THE WOMAN AND FASCISM – 1

            Published on March 3, 2017 

The History Geeks https://www.facebook.com/TheGorgeousHistoryGeeks/ April 30, 2020 The Death of Claretta Petacci. This facebook group is all about history and mostly about women in history.

https://romeonrome.com/2016/01/mussolinis-architectural-legacy-in-rome/

The italian woman … http://webpage.pace.edu/nreagin/F2005WS267/RimmaTsvasman/Propaganda_Gallery.html

The Public History, Digital Historians https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bzB8RxFynrE

Wikipedia References

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_modern_and_contemporary_art
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanzioni_economiche_all%27Italia_fascista
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_the_Fascist_regime_in_Italy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benito_Mussolini
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Benito_Mussolini
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propaganda_of_Fascist_Italy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Franco

Notes:

1. Only 13 years before the birth of Mussolini there was the Young Italy – of Mazzini  and his Carbonari (a secret organization meant to overthrow the monarchs and the popes).  After Napoleonic ways with Italy, Austria’s Metternich had a free rein in free Italian city states and a goal to restore traditional rulers. Mussolini changed that tract and changed Italy and the world forever.

2. Mussolini was known as promiscous. His first wife and son were both committed and died in hospital. His second wife was cheated on constantly. He died with his long time girlfriend Carla Petaccii. Though he did not care much for the rights of women he did care that women got behind fascism, that women held together the fascist family and most importantly that women produce the next generation of fascist soldiers. Clark recounts his rape of a local girl. “His own later account of this episode is revealing: ‘I grabbed her on the stairway, pushed her into a corner behind a door and made her mine. She got up crying, and insulted me through her tears. She said I had “stolen her honour”. Perhaps so. But what honour was there?”